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Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...

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Understanding Human Autoimmunity and Autoinflammation Through Transcriptomics.

Romain Banchereau¹, Alma-Martina Cepika¹, Jacques Banchereau²

¹Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, Texas 75204; email: romain.banchereau@bswhealth.org , almamartina.cepika@bswhealth.org , virginia.pascual@bswhealth.org.

Annual Review of Immunology

|February 2, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Transcriptomics analysis reveals key molecular signatures in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. This approach aids in identifying therapeutic targets and personalizing patient treatment strategies for better clinical outcomes.

Keywords:

autoimmunity autoinflammation mechanisms patient stratification therapeutic targets transcriptomics

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Genomics
Computational Biology

Background:

Transcriptomics, the study of RNA, is crucial for understanding human autoimmunity and autoinflammation.
It has identified therapeutic targets for diseases mediated by interferon (IFN), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-17 (IL-17).

Purpose of the Study:

To review the application of transcriptomics in defining mechanistic, diagnostic, and predictive signatures in human autoimmunity and autoinflammation.
To discuss analytical methods for extracting knowledge from high-dimensional transcriptomic data.
To explore emerging transcriptomic applications in eQTLs, immune repertoire diversity, and isoform usage.

Main Methods:

High-throughput RNA characterization (transcriptomics).
Analysis of high-dimensional data sets.
Review of existing literature and emerging applications.

Main Results:

Transcriptomics has identified pathogenic signatures in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.
It enables the discovery of new therapeutic targets and informs personalized medicine.
Applications in immunomonitoring are revealing diagnostic and prognostic signatures for patient stratification and disease tracking.

Conclusions:

Transcriptomics is a powerful tool for understanding the molecular basis of autoimmunity and autoinflammation.
It significantly contributes to identifying therapeutic targets, stratifying patients, and guiding personalized treatment strategies.
Emerging applications promise further advancements in understanding immune-related diseases.