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Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

High-throughput Flow Cytometry Cell-based Assay to Detect Antibodies to N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor or Dopamine-2 Receptor in Human Serum

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Published on: November 23, 2013

Intracellular Nucleic Acid Detection in Autoimmunity.

John T Crowl¹, Elizabeth E Gray¹, Kathleen Pestal¹

¹Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98109;

Annual Review of Immunology

|February 2, 2017

Summary

Rare diseases reveal how the body distinguishes self from foreign DNA and RNA, crucial for preventing autoimmune disorders. Understanding these mechanisms offers insights into common autoimmune conditions.

Keywords:

Aicardi-Goutières syndrome RIG-I-like receptors Toll-like receptors cGAS-STING systemic lupus erythematosus type I interferons

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Detection of Anti-MDA5 Autoantibodies Using HeLa Cells and Immunocytochemistry with Light Microscopy

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Published on: October 31, 2025

Area of Science:

Immunology
Genetics
Virology

Background:

Innate immune sensors detect foreign nucleic acids to initiate antiviral responses.
Self/nonself discrimination is critical due to abundant self-DNA and self-RNA.
Enzymes metabolizing endogenous nucleic acids prevent inappropriate innate immune activation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review rare human diseases caused by dysregulated nucleic acid sensing.
To focus on intracellular nucleic acid sensors and their role in disease.
To explore evolutionary context and potential links to common autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

Literature review of rare human diseases related to nucleic acid sensing.
Analysis of mechanisms underlying self/nonself discrimination.
Connecting findings from rare diseases to broader autoimmune pathogenesis.

Main Results:

Dysregulated nucleic acid sensing leads to rare human diseases.
Enzymatic modification of nucleic acids is key to immune tolerance.
Lessons from rare disorders illuminate autoimmune disease mechanisms.

Conclusions:

Rare diseases provide critical insights into innate immunity and self-tolerance.
Understanding nucleic acid sensing pathways is vital for autoimmune disease research.
A framework from rare disorders may explain aspects of common autoimmune diseases.