Improved in vitro angiogenic behavior on anodized titanium dioxide nanotubes.

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Tissue Engineering

Background:

• Successful osseointegration of dental implants requires neovascularization.
• Anodized titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) offer potential for enhanced implant surfaces.
• Super oxidized water (SOW) presents a novel, cost-effective method for NT synthesis and disinfection.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the in vitro angiogenic effects of 70 nm TiO2 NTs on Ti6Al4V alloy.
• To evaluate the influence of surface roughness and chemical composition on angiogenesis.
• To assess the efficacy of a novel SOW-based synthesis and disinfection method.

Main Methods:

• Anodization of Ti6Al4V alloy and commercially pure Ti using SOW and fluoride.
• Surface characterization (morphology, roughness, chemistry, wettability) using FE-SEM, TEM, AFM, EDX.
• In vitro assessment of bovine coronary artery endothelial cell (BCAEC) adhesion, proliferation, viability, and organization on nanostructured surfaces.

Main Results:

• Anodization increased surface roughness, wettability, and TiO2 NT coating thickness.
• Nanostructured surfaces (NTs) significantly improved endothelial cell viability, adhesion, proliferation, and monolayer formation.
• Increased activation of VEGFR2 and eNOS observed on Ti6Al4V-NTs, indicating enhanced angiogenic signaling.

Conclusions:

• 70 nm TiO2 NTs produced via anodization and SOW cleaning promote in vitro endothelial activity.
• This enhanced endothelial response suggests improved in vivo angiogenesis.
• The findings support faster clinical osseointegration of dental implants with these nanostructured surfaces.