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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic Compartmentalization01:37

Eukaryotic Compartmentalization

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One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
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Eukaryotic Compartmentalizations01:46

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One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
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Nucleoid01:24

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The nucleoid represents a structurally and functionally distinct region within prokaryotic cells, where the cell's DNA and associated proteins are housed. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus, and the nucleoid facilitates the organization and accessibility of the genetic material within this constraint. The DNA in most bacteria and archaea exists as a single, circular, double-stranded molecule that is highly compacted through supercoiling and interactions with...
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
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Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

Additional Subnuclear Structures

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The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
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Prokaryotic Cells01:51

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Prokaryotes are small unicellular organisms that include the domains—Archaea and Bacteria. Bacteria include many common organisms, such as Salmonella and E. coli, while the Archaea include extremophiles that live in harsh environments, such as volcanic springs.
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Nuclear Pore-Like Structures in a Compartmentalized Bacterium.

Evgeny Sagulenko1, Amanda Nouwens1, Richard I Webb2

  • 1School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Plos One
|February 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Planctomycetes bacteria, Gemmata obscuriglobus, possess internal membrane pore-like structures. These bacterial pores resemble eukaryote nuclear pores, suggesting evolutionary convergence or homology.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Planctomycetes exhibit unique cellular compartmentalization via internal membranes.
  • The interpretation of these structures and their relation to Gram-negative bacteria is debated.
  • The planctomycete Gemmata obscuriglobus shows cell organization parallels with the eukaryote nucleus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and structure of pore-like formations in the internal membranes of Gemmata obscuriglobus.
  • To compare these structures with eukaryote nuclear pores.
  • To identify proteins associated with these pores and their potential homology to eukaryote nuclear pore complex proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Electron microscopy to visualize pore-like structures in G. obscuriglobus internal membranes.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of proteomic data to identify proteins associated with pore-containing membranes.
  • Immunogold labeling to localize specific proteins to the pore structures.

Main Results:

  • Pore-like structures with eukaryote nuclear pore similarities (basket, ring-spoke, eight-fold symmetry) were identified in G. obscuriglobus internal membranes.
  • Proteomic analysis revealed G. obscuriglobus proteins with structural domains common in eukaryote nuclear pore complexes.
  • Immunogold labeling confirmed the localization of a specific protein with a β-propeller domain to these bacterial pore structures.

Conclusions:

  • The discovery of eukaryote nuclear pore-like structures in bacteria raises questions about homology versus convergent evolution.
  • These findings challenge existing models of bacterial cell organization and eukaryote origins.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the evolutionary implications of these complex bacterial structures.