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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
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Adolescent patellar instability: current concepts review.

D Clark1, A Metcalfe2, C Wogan3

  • 1Foothills Medical Centre, 1403 29 St NW, Calgary AB T2N 2T9, Canada.

The Bone & Joint Journal
|February 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adolescent patellar instability requires careful management to prevent lifelong disability. Surgical options for young adults must consider physeal closure to avoid growth arrest, with modified or extraosseous medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction offering safer alternatives.

Keywords:
AdolescentDislocationInstabilityPaediatricPatellaPatellofemoral

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Patellar instability commonly emerges during adolescence, distinct from infantile conditions.
  • Adolescent patellar instability can lead to chronic disability and arthritis if not addressed.
  • Normal patellofemoral joint development involves coordinated increases in quadriceps angle, patellar height, and trochlear depth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on adolescent patellar instability.
  • To provide a management framework for adolescent patellar instability.
  • To discuss surgical techniques and their implications for physeal preservation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of adolescent patellar instability.
  • Discussion of surgical interventions including trochleoplasty, tibial tubercle transfer, and MPFL reconstruction.
  • Analysis of surgical risks concerning open physes and growth arrest.

Main Results:

  • Standard surgical techniques for young adults may cause growth arrest in skeletally immature patients.
  • Non-operative management can delay surgery until skeletal maturity.
  • Modified MPFL reconstruction techniques (extraosseous or with intraosseous fixation) minimize physeal risk.

Conclusions:

  • Management of adolescent patellar instability requires consideration of skeletal maturity.
  • Delaying anatomical reconstruction until physeal closure is often preferred.
  • Modified MPFL reconstruction techniques offer viable solutions for unstable knees in skeletally immature individuals.