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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

81
Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
81
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

73
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
73
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

80
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
80
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

1.5K
Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
1.5K
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

102
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
102
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

84
Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
84

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
05:39

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

Published on: May 16, 2025

784

Puvasol Induced Lickenoid Eruption.

C R Srinivas, R P C Naik, M T Satyanarayana

    Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
    |February 3, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Psoriasis patients treated with 8-methoxypsoralen and sunlight (PUVASOL) may experience a generalized lichenoid eruption and temporary liver enzyme increases. This highlights potential side effects of PUVASOL therapy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Hepatology
    • Phototherapy

    Background:

    • Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition requiring effective treatment.
    • Phototherapy, including PUVA (psoralen plus UVA) and its variants like PUVASOL (psoralen plus sunlight), is a common treatment for psoriasis.
    • While generally effective, phototherapy can have associated side effects.

    Observation:

    • A case report details a patient with psoriasis undergoing treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen and sunlight (PUVASOL).
    • The patient developed a generalized lichenoid eruption, a specific type of skin reaction.
    • Concurrently, a transient elevation in hepatic enzymes was observed in the patient's blood tests.

    Findings:

    • The observed generalized lichenoid eruption is a notable adverse reaction to PUVASOL treatment.
    • The transient rise in hepatic enzymes suggests a potential impact on liver function during therapy.
    • This case links PUVASOL treatment to both dermatological and biochemical adverse events.

    Implications:

    • Clinicians should be aware of the potential for lichenoid eruptions and hepatic enzyme changes in patients receiving PUVASOL.
    • Monitoring liver function and skin reactions is crucial for patients undergoing this phototherapy.
    • Further investigation may be warranted to understand the mechanisms behind these adverse effects and optimize PUVASOL safety.