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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Stroke is a complex condition with diverse causes and risk factors.
  • Risk factors are broadly classified as nonmodifiable (age, sex, race) and modifiable (hypertension, smoking, diet).
  • Emerging risk factors include inflammatory conditions, infections, pollution, and cardiac disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize stroke risk factors.
  • To explore the role of genetics and environmental interactions in stroke risk.
  • To discuss current and emerging stroke prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of stroke pathogenesis, risk factors, and prevention.
  • Analysis of modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors.
  • Examination of genetic polymorphisms and their influence on stroke risk.

Main Results:

  • Identified established modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
  • Highlighted novel risk factors such as inflammatory disorders and pollution.
  • Emphasized the significant role of genetic factors and their interaction with the environment.

Conclusions:

  • Stroke prevention strategies should encompass lifestyle modifications and management of medical conditions.
  • Genetic factors, previously considered immutable, may offer modifiable targets for stroke prevention.
  • Targeted approaches based on identified risk factors and genetic predispositions can enhance stroke prevention efforts.