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Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions
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Vascular Cognitive Impairment.

Martin Dichgans1, Didier Leys2

  • 1From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany (M.D.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany (M.D.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (M.D.); and University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1171-Degenerative & Vascular Cognitive Disorders, F-59000 Lille, France (D.L.). martin.dichgans@med.uni-muenchen.de.

Circulation Research
|February 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cerebrovascular disease, including stroke, significantly impacts cognition, leading to vascular cognitive impairment. Managing vascular risk factors may help prevent cognitive decline and dementia.

Keywords:
cognitive impairmentintracranial hemorrhageischemic strokemagnetic resonance imagingvascular disease

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Cerebrovascular disease commonly causes stroke and cognitive impairment.
  • Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) encompasses all cognitive disorders linked to cerebrovascular disease, ranging from mild deficits to dementia.
  • VCI can result from various factors including microinfarcts, microhemorrhages, and white matter damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reappraise vascular cognitive impairment in light of recent scientific advances.
  • To highlight the role of vascular brain injury in compromising brain connectivity and function.
  • To discuss the coexistence of vascular and neurodegenerative pathologies in dementia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advances in neuroimaging, neuropathology, epidemiology, and genetics.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms linking vascular brain injury to cognitive deficits.
  • Examination of the prevalence and impact of VCI in stroke and non-stroke populations.

Main Results:

  • Vascular brain injury disrupts structural and functional brain connectivity.
  • Vascular dementia is the second leading cause of dementia, often mixed with Alzheimer's pathology.
  • Targeting vascular risk factors shows potential for dementia prevention, including Alzheimer's type.

Conclusions:

  • Vascular cognitive impairment is a significant consequence of cerebrovascular disease, affecting a broad spectrum of cognitive functions.
  • Understanding the interplay between vascular and neurodegenerative processes is crucial for diagnosing and managing dementia.
  • Preventive strategies targeting vascular health are essential for reducing the burden of cognitive impairment and dementia.