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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
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Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas01:16

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

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The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
Exocrine function is carried out by acinar cells, organized into clusters known as acini. These cells contribute to digestion by releasing substantial quantities of enzyme-rich, alkaline digestive juices.
Concurrently, the dispersed clusters of endocrine cells throughout the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Quantification of Diabetes-induced Adherent Leukocytes in Retinal Vasculature
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Are mast cells important in diabetes?

Duraisamy Kempuraj1, Alessandro Caraffa2, Gianpaolo Ronconi3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA.

Polish Journal of Pathology : Official Journal of the Polish Society of Pathologists
|February 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Mast cells play a significant role in diabetes. Inhibiting mast cell activation in mice improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, suggesting a new therapeutic target for diabetes.

Keywords:
autoimmunityimmune modulationmast cellsperipheral vascular diseasetype 2 diabetestype 1 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Diabetes Research

Background:

  • Mast cells are immune cells involved in inflammation and metabolic disorders like diabetes.
  • Overexpressed histamine and tryptase genes in mast cells are linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  • Mast cell activation releases inflammatory mediators, impacting metabolic health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism by which mast cells influence diabetes.
  • To explore the potential of targeting mast cells as a therapeutic strategy for diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Examined mast cell activation pathways involving IgE receptors, histamine, and chemokines (RANTES, MPC1).
  • Utilized genetically mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice to assess the impact of mast cell absence on metabolic parameters.
  • Measured insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in experimental models.

Main Results:

  • Mast cell activation, triggered by chemokines, leads to histamine production.
  • Mast cell-deficient mice exhibited enhanced insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.
  • These findings highlight mast cells' profound effect on diabetes development and progression.

Conclusions:

  • Mast cells significantly contribute to the pathophysiology of diabetes.
  • Targeting mast cell activity presents a potential novel therapeutic avenue for managing diabetes.
  • Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the role of mast cells in metabolic disorders.