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Related Concept Videos

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism,...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
708
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
3.4K
Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

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The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...
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Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

592
Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
592
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

2.5K
Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Non-fluoroscopic Catheter Tracking for Fluoroscopy Reduction in Interventional Electrophysiology
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Sinus Node Dysfunction and Atrial Fibrillation: A Reversible Phenomenon?

Larry R Jackson1,2, Bharath Rathakrishnan3, Kristen Campbell4

  • 1Duke Clinical Research Institute.

Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : PACE
|February 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Symptomatic sinus node dysfunction (SND) affects up to 20% of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Pulmonary vein isolation may reduce tachy-brady syndrome episodes, but more research is needed for optimal management.

Keywords:
atrial fibrillationelectrophysiology - clinicalpacing

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Symptomatic sinus node dysfunction (SND) presents with varied symptoms, including tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome.
  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently coexists with SND, complicating treatment strategies for both conditions.
  • This review examines the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic options for patients with co-occurring SND and AF.

Observation:

  • SND is present in up to 20% of patients diagnosed with AF.
  • Atrial fibrillation induces anatomical and electrophysiological remodeling of the atria, impacting the sinoatrial node region.
  • Observed changes include atrial fibrosis, altered calcium channel metabolism, and modified gene expression in patients with both AF and SND.

Findings:

  • Non-randomized trials have not established if pacing strategies reduce AF risk.
  • Pulmonary vein isolation demonstrates potential in decreasing tachy-brady syndrome episodes and sinus pauses.
  • Ablation therapies may alleviate SND symptoms in the context of AF.

Implications:

  • Atrial fibrillation-associated pathophysiological changes can lead to sinoatrial node alterations.
  • Further randomized trials are essential to define the epidemiology and optimal management of patients with concurrent SND and AF.