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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System
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Transdermal optogenetic peripheral nerve stimulation.

Benjamin E Maimon1, Anthony N Zorzos, Rhys Bendell

  • 1MIT Media Lab, Center for Extreme Bionics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America. Harvard-MIT program in Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.

Journal of Neural Engineering
|February 4, 2017
PubMed
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Transdermal illumination enables deep peripheral nerve optogenetic stimulation without implants. This non-invasive technique successfully controlled rat ankle position, paving the way for future research and clinical applications.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Optogenetics

Background:

  • Peripheral nerve optogenetics face limitations due to light scattering and absorption in tissues.
  • Current methods require invasive implantable optical sources (fiber-optics, LEDs) with drawbacks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a non-invasive method for optogenetic stimulation of deep peripheral nerves.
  • To overcome the optical inaccessibility challenge in peripheral nerve research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized transdermal illumination with an intramuscular injection of ultra-high concentration AAV6-hSyn-ChR2-EYFP in rats.
  • Demonstrated stimulation of motor nerves at depths of 4.4 mm and 1.9 mm.

Main Results:

  • Achieved transdermal stimulation of motor nerves at significant depths (4.4 mm and 1.9 mm) using low and high laser power (10 mW and 160 mW).

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  • Successfully controlled ankle position in rats by modulating laser power and surface position.

    • Conclusions:

    • Transdermal illumination offers a viable alternative to invasive optical sources for peripheral nerve optogenetics.
    • This technique supports future studies in awake, freely-moving animals and clinical applications for peripheral nervous system disorders.