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Cerebral microbleeds in a neonatal rat model.

Brianna C Theriault1, Seung Kyoon Woo1, Jason K Karimy1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.

Plos One
|February 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Prenatal angiogenic stimuli cause neonatal cerebral microbleeds and white matter damage in rats. Delivery method significantly impacts outcomes, highlighting the vulnerability of the developing brain.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Cerebral microbleeds are linked to neurodegeneration in adults, but their neonatal impact is unknown.
  • Late oligodendrocyte progenitors are prevalent in the term-gestation rat brain.
  • Prenatal pro-angiogenic stimuli may increase the risk of neonatal cerebral microbleeds and white matter injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the consequences of prenatal pro-angiogenic stimuli on neonatal brain development in rats.
  • To determine if dual pro-angiogenic stimuli in utero lead to perinatal microbleeds and white matter damage.
  • To assess the role of delivery method in mitigating these effects.

Main Methods:

  • Pregnant Wistar rats received intrauterine ischemia (IUI) and maternal lipopolysaccharide (mLPS) at embryonic day 19.
  • Pups were delivered vaginally or abdominally at term (E21-22).
  • Brains were analyzed for angiogenic markers, microhemorrhages, myelination, axonal development, and neurological function.

Main Results:

  • Prenatal IUI+mLPS induced angiogenic markers and vascular changes.
  • Vaginally delivered pups showed cerebral microbleeds, abnormal neurological function, and hypomyelinated white matter.
  • Abdominally delivered pups had minimal microbleeds and preserved white matter development and neurological function.

Conclusions:

  • In utero pro-angiogenic stimuli can cause neonatal vascular fragility and cerebral microbleeds in rats.
  • Neonatal rat models of microbleeds offer insights into human preterm infant brain development.
  • Delivery mode influences the severity of white matter injury following prenatal insults.