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Related Concept Videos

Short-distance Transport of Resources02:12

Short-distance Transport of Resources

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Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
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Key Elements for Plant Nutrition02:35

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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

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Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
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Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane01:18

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Proteins targeted to the inner chloroplast membrane, or plastid proteins, are transported by two general pathways: the stop-transfer and the re-insertion or post-import pathways. Most plastid proteins carry N-terminal transit sequences and internal import sequences targeting it to the specific chloroplast subcompartment. Proteins targeted by the stop-transfer pathway have internal hydrophobic sequences that inhibit their translocation into the stroma. As a result, these precursors are arrested...
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Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles
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Plant nitrate transporters: from gene function to application.

Xiaorong Fan1,2, Misbah Naz1, Xiaoru Fan1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|February 4, 2017
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Summary

This study reviews nitrate transporters, key proteins for plant nutrient uptake. Understanding these transporters can help breed crops with better nitrogen use efficiency and higher yields.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Nitrogen is a crucial nutrient for plant growth, but its inefficient uptake limits crop productivity.
  • Nitrate transporters play a vital role in acquiring nitrogen from the soil.
  • Optimizing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is essential for sustainable agriculture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive summary of known nitrate transporters in plants.
  • To explore the potential of utilizing nitrate transporters in crop breeding programs.
  • To enhance nitrogen use efficiency and crop yield through genetic improvement.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on plant nitrate transporters.
  • Analysis of the functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of different nitrate transporter families.
  • Discussion of genetic variation and breeding strategies related to nitrate transporters.

Main Results:

  • Identified and categorized major families of nitrate transporters (e.g., NRT1, NRT2).
  • Highlighted the diverse physiological roles of these transporters in nutrient uptake, translocation, and signaling.
  • Presented evidence for the heritability of traits associated with nitrate transport.

Conclusions:

  • Nitrate transporters represent a promising target for improving crop nitrogen use efficiency.
  • Breeding strategies focused on modulating nitrate transporter activity can lead to enhanced crop yields.
  • Further research into transporter function and regulation will facilitate the development of more resilient and productive crops.