Normal viscous force of pendular liquid bridge between two relatively moving particles.

Area of Science:

• Fluid dynamics
• Particle-laden flows
• Interfacial phenomena

Background:

• Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations often use simplified models for viscous forces.
• Accurate modeling of viscous forces is crucial for pendular liquid bridges between particles.
• Existing models may lack accuracy, especially at larger inter-particle distances.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the normal viscous force component for a pendular liquid bridge between moving particles.
• To assess the accuracy of existing viscous force models in DEM simulations.
• To develop a new, more accurate viscous force model for DEM.

Main Methods:

• Performing Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of pendular liquid bridges.
• Non-dimensionalizing the obtained viscous forces to identify key parameters.
• Comparing DNS results with established literature models.

Main Results:

• Existing viscous force models show limitations at large inter-particle separations.
• DNS results provide a basis for a more accurate force model.
• The proposed model demonstrates improved accuracy for DEM simulations.

Conclusions:

• Standard viscous force models are inadequate for large separations in pendular liquid bridges.
• A novel viscous force model, derived from DNS, offers enhanced accuracy.
• The new model is suitable for direct implementation in DEM simulations, improving particle flow modeling.