Therapeutics for Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Neurology
• Parasitology
• Equine Medicine

Background:

• Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a significant infectious disease affecting the horse's central nervous system.
• The disease is caused by protozoan parasites, primarily Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora hughesi.
• Clinical presentation typically involves progressive and asymmetrical neurologic deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in the diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis.
• To summarize current pharmacologic treatment strategies for EPM.
• To discuss recent data on the prevention of EPM.

Main Methods:

• Diagnostic approaches include clinical examination for neurologic signs and exclusion of other disorders.
• Confirmation involves detecting intrathecally derived antibodies against Sarcocystis neurona and/or Neospora hughesi.
• Treatment efficacy is evaluated based on clinical improvement and parasite clearance.

Main Results:

• Recent data highlight improved diagnostic accuracy through antibody detection methods.
• FDA-approved anticoccidial drug formulations are the mainstay of pharmacologic treatment.
• Supportive care is crucial and tailored to the severity of neurologic deficits.

Conclusions:

• Accurate diagnosis of EPM is essential for effective treatment initiation.
• Pharmacologic interventions combined with supportive care improve outcomes for affected horses.
• Ongoing research into prevention strategies aims to reduce the incidence of EPM.