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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

80
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
80
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

8.0K
Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
8.0K
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

94
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
94
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

102
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
102
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

1.5K
Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
1.5K
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

73
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
73

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
08:25

Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Published on: September 26, 2022

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Paraben Contact Hypersensitivity.

A K Bajaj, A K Chatterjee

    Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
    |February 7, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Parabens in topical medications can cause allergic reactions. This study found six out of 100 patients had hypersensitivity to methyl or propyl parabens, highlighting their potential as contact allergens.

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    Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity
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    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Allergology
    • Cosmetic Science

    Background:

    • Topical medicaments are widely used for various skin conditions.
    • Parabens are common preservatives in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
    • Contact hypersensitivity to topical agents is a significant clinical concern.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence of contact hypersensitivity to methyl and propyl parabens.
    • To identify other common topical medicaments causing allergic reactions in patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Patch testing was performed on 100 patients with suspected contact hypersensitivity.
    • Patients were tested with methyl paraben, propyl paraben, and commercially available topical medicaments.

    Main Results:

    • Six out of 100 patients exhibited positive reactions to parabens.
    • Two patients reacted to methyl paraben, two to propyl paraben, and two to both.
    • Three patients each showed positive reactions to soframycin, econazole, and nitrofurazone.

    Conclusions:

    • Methyl and propyl parabens can act as contact allergens in susceptible individuals.
    • Parabens should be considered in the differential diagnosis of contact dermatitis.
    • Common topical medications like soframycin, econazole, and nitrofurazone can also elicit allergic contact dermatitis.