Unravel the interaction of protoporphyrin IX with reduced graphene oxide by vital spectroscopic techniques

Probing interaction between dyes and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is of contemporary research interest. Since, rGO is widely used as electron acceptor in photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. Hence, we have investigated the interaction between protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) and rGO by vital spectroscopic techniques. The adsorption of PPIX on rGO is studied by Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) measurements. The fluorescence quenching measurements are also performed and the fluorescence intensity of PPIX is quenched by rGO. The quenching of PPIX with rGO is evaluated by the Stern-Volmer equation and time-resolved fluorescence lifetime studies. The results revealed that the fluorescence quenching of PPIX with rGO is due to the static quenching mechanism. The dominant process for this quenching has been attributed to the process of electron transfer from excited state PPIX to rGO. Fluorescence lifetime measurements were used to calculate the rate of electron transfer process between excited state of PPIX and rGO. Transient absorption studies demonstrated the formation of PPIX cation radical for the evidence of electron transfer between PPIX and rGO.