Defined Engineered Human Myocardium With Advanced Maturation for Applications in Heart Failure Modeling and Repair

Malte Tiburcy1, James E Hudson1, Paul Balfanz1

  • 1From Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (M.T., J.E.H., P.B., S.S., T.M., M.-L.C.L., E.L., F.R., S.Z., E. Wettwer, W.-H.Z.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Germany (M.T., J.E.H., P.B., S.S., T.M., M.-L.C.L., E.L., F.R., S.Z., E. Wingender, W.A.L., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (S.Z., E. Wingender); Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (J.R., M.W., J.D.G., J.C.W.) and Department of Radiology (J.D.G., J.C.W.), Molecular Imaging Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; The Sohnis Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa (I.K., L.G.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University Dresden, Germany (E. Wettwer, U.R.); University Medical Center Utrecht and Hubrecht Institute, The Netherlands (P.D., L.W.v.L.); Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.J.G.); Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (S.K., K.T., G.H., W.A.L.); Center for Applied Technology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA (L.A.C.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (A.U., W.A.L.); New Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center at New York University Langone (T.A., B.N.); and McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto, Canada (G.K.). The current address for Dr Hudson is Laboratory for Cardiac Regeneration, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia.

Circulation
|February 8, 2017
PubMed
Abstract

Related Concept Videos

Skeletal Muscle Anatomy00:55

Skeletal Muscle Anatomy

Skeletal muscle is the most abundant type of muscle in the body. Tendons are the connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bones. Skeletal muscles pull on tendons, which in turn pull on bones to carry out voluntary movements.
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers01:48

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Skeletal muscles continuously produce ATP to provide the energy that enables muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three types based on differences in their contraction speed and how they produce ATP, as well as physical differences related to these factors. Most human muscles contain all three muscle fiber types, albeit in varying proportions.
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers
Slow oxidative, muscle fibers appear red due to large numbers of capillaries and high levels of...
Overview of Muscle Tissues01:25

Overview of Muscle Tissues

The human body has three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Each class has unique properties that enable them to perform specific functions. However, all muscle tissues share certain properties, including elasticity, contractility, and excitability. 
Elasticity
Elasticity is the ability of muscles to stretch and return to their original shape. This property is partly due to elastic fibers — macromolecules that run through the muscles. These fibers are firm and resilient,...
Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles01:12

Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles

The connective tissues play a significant role in arranging the muscle fibers into a hierarchical structure that forms a complete muscle. Consider a muscle like the bicep brachii, commonly called the bicep. This muscle comprises thousands of muscle fibers enclosed by a protective layer of connective tissue called the endomysium. The endomysium is primarily composed of reticular fibers, a type of thin collagen fiber. It allows the exchange of nutrients and waste products at the fiber level,...
Relaxation of Skeletal Muscles01:29

Relaxation of Skeletal Muscles

The period of muscle contraction primarily influences the duration of stimulation at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the presence of free calcium ions in the sarcoplasm, and the availability of energy or ATP to support contractions.
When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it depolarizes the membrane and opens voltage-gated sodium channels. Sodium ions enter the cell, further depolarizing the presynaptic membrane. This depolarization causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open.
Muscle Recovery and Fatigue01:24

Muscle Recovery and Fatigue

Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective response...