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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Porous Silicon Microparticles for Delivery of siRNA Therapeutics
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Immunoprotein-Mediated siRNA Delivery.

Nicole Bäumer1, Wolfgang E Berdel1, Sebastian Bäumer1

  • 1Deparment of Medicine A, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Muenster , Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, Muenster, DE 48149, Germany.

Molecular Pharmaceutics
|February 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA interference (RNAi) using small interfering RNA (siRNA) offers targeted protein inhibition for cancer therapy. Antibody-coupled siRNA complexes enhance stability and cell uptake, overcoming delivery challenges for in vivo applications.

Keywords:
bioconjugate therapeuticssiRNAspecificitystabilizationtherapeutic antibodies

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • RNA interference (RNAi) with small interfering RNA (siRNA) enables specific protein biosynthesis inhibition.
  • siRNA is a valuable tool in molecular biology and cancer target identification.
  • In vivo therapeutic applications of siRNA are limited by stability and specific cell uptake issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current RNAi strategies for targeting disease-causing factors.
  • To compare methods for stabilizing siRNA and achieving targeted cellular delivery.
  • To propose antibody-coupled siRNA complexes as a viable therapeutic approach.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on RNAi delivery systems.
  • Comparison of conjugation and targeting molecule strategies for siRNA stabilization and specificity.
  • Evaluation of antibody, single-chain Fv, and Fab fragment applications in siRNA delivery.

Main Results:

  • siRNA delivery faces challenges of degradation, renal clearance, and off-target effects.
  • Conjugation and targeting molecules improve siRNA stability and cellular specificity.
  • Antibody-coupled siRNA complexes demonstrate potential for both stabilization and targeted delivery to cancer cells.

Conclusions:

  • Antibody-coupled siRNA complexes represent a promising strategy to overcome in vivo delivery barriers.
  • This approach facilitates targeted siRNA delivery to cancer cells, enhancing therapeutic potential.
  • Further development of these complexes is crucial for advancing siRNA-based cancer therapies.