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Related Concept Videos

Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
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Gravitropism: Plant Responses to Gravity
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Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
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Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Signs of Puberty01:27

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Puberty is a critical phase, typically beginning between the ages of 8 and 13 in girls and 9 and 14 in boys, though timing can vary based on genetics, environmental factors, and overall health. This period is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the attainment of reproductive potential. Endocrine changes underpin puberty, with hormonal surges of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) instigated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: Fu's Subcutaneous Needling for Knee Osteoarthritis Pain
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Growing Pains.

Patrick J Lehman1, Rebecca L Carl1

  • 1Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Sports Health
|February 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Growing pains are common in children, causing nighttime leg discomfort. A normal exam means no further tests are needed, and treatment focuses on symptom relief and reassurance.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Musculoskeletal Disorders
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Growing pains are a frequent, benign condition in children with unknown causes.
  • The condition presents as recurrent, bilateral lower extremity pain, typically at night.
  • Peak incidence does not align with periods of rapid physical growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, etiology, and management of growing pains.
  • To provide guidance on differentiating growing pains from other causes of limb pain.
  • To summarize current knowledge on this common pediatric condition.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and reference lists.
  • Keywords included "growing pains" and related terms.
Keywords:
growing painsmusculoskeletal painpediatrics

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  • English-language articles published between 1900 and 2016 were reviewed.

    • Main Results:

    • A classic history and normal physical exam obviate the need for further diagnostic testing.
    • Typical growing pains involve bilateral leg pain, occurring in the evening or at night.
    • Pain is not activity-related and does not result in a limp.

    Conclusions:

    • Further investigation is recommended for atypical cases, systemic symptoms, or abnormal physical findings.
    • Management involves symptomatic care, including analgesics and massage.
    • Reassurance regarding the benign and self-limiting nature of growing pains is crucial for families.