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Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
Published on: January 28, 2019
Alessandro Colombo1, Davide Emilio Galli1, Liberato De Caro2
1Università degli Studi di Milano, via Giovanni Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.
A novel memetic algorithm enhances Coherent Diffractive Imaging (CDI) by solving the phase problem. This method achieves atomic resolution imaging, revealing details like oxygen columns in SrTiO3, not visible with traditional techniques.
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