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Related Concept Videos

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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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UDL and Intellectual Disability: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go?

Kavita Rao1, Sean J Smith1, K Alisa Lowrey1

  • 1Kavita Rao, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa; Sean J. Smith, University of Kansas; and K. Alisa Lowrey, University of Southern Mississippi.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) supports inclusive education for students with intellectual disability (ID). Research shows UDL is applied in various interventions and settings to improve student outcomes.

Keywords:
Universal Design for Learningintellectual disabilityresearch

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Area of Science:

  • Education
  • Special Education
  • Instructional Design

Background:

  • Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is an instructional design framework.
  • UDL has the potential to support the inclusion of students with intellectual disability (ID) in general education settings.
  • This article reviews research on UDL for students with ID in PreK-12 settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of existing research on UDL application for students with ID.
  • To identify key research questions for future studies on UDL implementation for students with ID.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of research studies on UDL application for students with ID in PreK-12 settings.
  • Analysis of interventions and outcomes associated with UDL implementation.
  • Examination of UDL use in self-contained and general educational settings.

Main Results:

  • UDL is being applied to various instructional activities for students with ID.
  • Interventions include adapted stories and inclusive general education curricula.
  • Outcomes examined include student interaction, perceptions, and knowledge gains.

Conclusions:

  • Current research demonstrates UDL's application in diverse educational contexts for students with ID.
  • Future research should focus on applying UDL guidelines to curriculum development and evidence-based practices.
  • Further investigation is needed to support schoolwide UDL initiatives for inclusive education of students with ID.