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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

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Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

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Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo
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Anthracycline Chemotherapy and Cardiotoxicity.

John V McGowan1, Robin Chung1, Angshuman Maulik1

  • 1The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.

Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy
|February 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Anthracycline chemotherapy is vital for cancer treatment but causes heart damage, leading to long-term cardiac issues for survivors. Research is exploring new cardioprotective strategies to mitigate these risks.

Keywords:
Cancer anthracycline doxorubicin chemotherapy cardiotoxicity cardioprotection

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Anthracyclines are essential chemotherapy drugs for various cancers.
  • Cardiotoxicity is a significant dose-limiting side effect, increasing long-term cardiovascular risks for cancer survivors.
  • Understanding anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity mechanisms is crucial for developing effective cardioprotective strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of anthracycline cardiotoxicity.
  • To discuss current and emerging cardioprotective treatments.
  • To highlight the future challenge of managing cardiac complications in cancer survivors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on anthracycline cardiotoxicity.
  • Analysis of direct and indirect pathways involved in cardiac damage.
  • Evaluation of existing and novel cardioprotective interventions.

Main Results:

  • Anthracycline cardiotoxicity involves reactive oxygen species generation and topoisomerase 2 interactions.
  • Current cardioprotective measures include renin-angiotensin system blockade, beta-blockers, and dexrazoxane.
  • Emerging strategies focus on ErbB pathways and conditioning for cardioprotection.

Conclusions:

  • Anthracycline chemotherapy poses a significant risk of long-term cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
  • While cardioprotective treatments exist and are evolving, managing cardiac health in cancer survivors remains a critical challenge.
  • Future cancer therapies will still necessitate careful consideration of cardiac side effects from anthracyclines.