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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Teres major muscle - insertion footprint.

Malte Dancker1, Simon Lambert2, Erich Brenner1

  • 1Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

Journal of Anatomy
|February 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study quantifies the bony attachment areas of the teres major (TM) and latissimus dorsi (LD) muscles. Understanding these footprints is crucial for surgeons performing shoulder muscle transfers involving bone segments.

Keywords:
axillary nervebicipital groovecrest of the lesser tuberclelatissimus dorsi muscleradial nerveteres major muscle

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Anatomy
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • The teres major (TM) and latissimus dorsi (LD) muscles are vital for shoulder girdle function and commonly used in muscle transfers.
  • Current surgical techniques sometimes involve detaching these muscles with a bone segment, but detailed information on their bony attachment sites is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and quantify the bony attachment footprint of the teres major (TM) muscle.
  • To determine the anatomical relationship between the TM and latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle footprints.
  • To provide data facilitating safer and more complete muscle harvesting with bone segments.

Main Methods:

  • Dissection of 28 upper extremities from 14 human cadavers.
  • Photographic documentation and digital image analysis (ImageJ) of muscle attachment footprints.
  • Measurement of TM and LD bony attachment dimensions (area, length, width) and their spatial relationship.

Main Results:

  • The teres major (TM) muscle's bony attachment footprint averaged 187 mm² (49.6 mm long, 7.4 mm wide).
  • The latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle's bony attachment footprint averaged 94 mm² (36.5 mm long, 3.7 mm wide).
  • The TM footprint was approximately twice the size of the LD footprint, with a 4.4 mm separation and 24.4 mm overlap.

Conclusions:

  • The teres major (TM) muscle has a significantly larger bony attachment footprint than the latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle.
  • This quantitative data on TM and LD bony attachments is essential for surgeons planning muscle transfers that include bone segments.
  • Accurate knowledge of these footprints enhances surgical precision and safety in shoulder reconstruction procedures.