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Updated: Mar 7, 2026
Precision of In Vivo Quantitative Tooth Wear Measurement Using Intra-Oral Scans
Published on: July 12, 2022
Is a Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) reliable for recording erosive tooth wear on 3D models?
Viivi Alaraudanjoki1, Henna Saarela1, Reetta Pesonen1
1Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, 90014, Finland.
Objectives:
To assess the reliability of the BEWE index on 3D models and to compare 3D-assessed erosive tooth wear scores with clinically detected scores.
Methods:
In total, 1964 members of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 participated in a standardized clinical dental examination including the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) and dental 3D modelling at the age of 45-46 years. Of those examined, 586 were randomly selected for this study. 3D models were assessed using the same BEWE criteria as in the clinical examination. Calculated kappa values as well as the prevalence and severity of erosive wear according to the clinical examination and 3D models were compared. Re-examinations were performed to calculate intra- and inter-method and -examiner agreements.
Results:
The BEWE index on 3D models was reproducible; the mean intra- and inter-examiner agreement were 0.89 and 0.87, respectively, for sextant level, and 0.64 and 1, respectively, for BEWE sum scores. Erosive tooth wear was recorded as more severe in 3D models than in the clinical examination, and inter-method agreement was 0.41 for severe erosive wear (BEWE sum>8). The biggest inter-method differences were found in upper posterior sextants.
Conclusions:
The BEWE index is reliable for recording erosive tooth wear on 3D models. 3D models seem to be especially sensitive in detecting initial erosive wear. Additionally, it seems that erosive wear may be underscored in the upper posterior sextants when assessed clinically. Due to the nature of 3D models, the assessment of erosive wear clinically and on 3D models may not be entirely comparable.
Clinical Significance:
3D models can serve as an additional tool to detect and document erosive wear, especially during the early stages of the condition and in assessing the progression of wear. When scoring erosive wear clinically, care must be taken especially when assessing upper posterior sextants.
