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Nanophase bone substitute for craniofacial load bearing application: Pilot study in the rodent
Jonathan Z Baskin1,2, Yohannes Soenjaya2, James McMasters2
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B, Applied Biomaterials
|February 15, 2017
Summary
This pilot study found that nanophase bone substitute (NBS) loaded with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) promotes complete bone healing in rat mandibular defects. However, crosslinking NBS hinders BMP2 uptake and osteointegration.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Regenerative Medicine
- Orthopedic Research
Background:
- Developing effective bone substitutes is crucial for skeletal defect repair.
- Nanophase collagen/apatite composites offer potential as biomimetic bone graft materials.
- Understanding the in vivo biological response to material modifications is essential.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the biological response of a nanophase bone substitute (NBS) in a rodent mandibular defect model.
- To assess the impact of material modifications (densification, crosslinking) and BMP2 loading on bone regeneration.
- To determine the suitability of NBS as a load-bearing bone substitute.
Main Methods:
- A critical-size mandibular defect model was used in rats (n=3 per group).
- Four renditions of NBS biomaterial were tested: baseline, hyper-densified, d-ribose crosslinked, and crosslinked/hyper-densified.
- Materials were implanted with or without recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and assessed radiologically and histologically.
Main Results:
- BMP2-loaded, uncrosslinked NBS resulted in robust bone formation and complete defect closure.
- Unloaded NBS were well tolerated but did not significantly promote new bone formation.
- Crosslinking thwarted BMP2 uptake, leading to fibrous encapsulation and hindering osteointegration.
Conclusions:
- Nanophase bone substitute is well tolerated in a mandibular defect model.
- BMP2-loaded NBS effectively promotes complete bony healing, irrespective of implant density.
- Crosslinking improves mechanical properties but negatively impacts osteointegration and BMP2 efficacy, necessitating alternative fabrication strategies.
