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Updated: Jul 9, 2026
Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury
Published on: August 5, 2014
IMPACT Score for Traumatic Brain Injury: Validation of the Prognostic Tool in a Spanish Cohort
Juan José Egea-Guerrero1, Ana Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Elena Gordillo-Escobar
1NeuroCritical Care Unit (Drs Egea-Guerrero, Gordillo-Escobar, Fernández-Delgado, Martínez-Roldán, Roldán-Reina, Durán-Martínez, Freire-Aragón, and Murillo-Cabezas) and Emergency Department (Dr Rodríguez-Rodríguez), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, IBIS/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Internal Medicine, La Princesa University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (Dr de Vega-Ríos); Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain (Dr Vilches-Arenas); and Emergency Department, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain (Dr Quintana-Díaz).
Background:
The aim of this work was to validate the IMPACT (International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in TBI) model in a Spanish cohort of patients with moderate-severe TBI (traumatic brain injury).
Setting:
Two level I neurotrauma centers.
Participants:
Patients admitted to these hospitals between 2011 and 2014 with a diagnosis of TBI and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 12 or less.
Design:
Prospective observational study.
Main Measures:
We collected prospectively the clinical variables included in the IMPACT models. Outcome evaluation was prospectively done at 6-month follow-up according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale.
Results:
A total of 290 patients were included in the study. Forty-seven patients (16.2%) died within 6 months post-TBI, and 74 patients (25.5%) had an unfavorable outcome. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test revealed that there was no difference between observed and predicted outcomes; hence, the 3 models displayed adequate calibration for predicting 6-month mortality or unfavorable outcome. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the 3 models (Core, Extended, and Lab) could accurately discriminate between favorable and unfavorable outcomes, as well as between survival and mortality (P < .001).
Conclusion:
The IMPACT model validates prediction of 6-month outcomes in a Spanish population of moderate-severe TBI. IMPACT Lab model is the one that presents a higher discriminative capacity. These results encourage the implementation of the IMPACT model as a prognostic tool in the management of patients with TBI.
