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GPS-Based Exposure to Greenness and Walkability and Accelerometry-Based Physical Activity.

Peter James1,2,3, Jaime E Hart4,3, J Aaron Hipp5,6

  • 1Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. pjames@hsph.harvard.edu.

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
|February 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Higher physical activity levels are associated with increased greenness and walkability in environments. These findings highlight the importance of urban planning and design in promoting active lifestyles and potentially reducing cancer risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Physical inactivity is a known cancer risk factor, potentially influenced by environmental elements.
  • Built environments and natural vegetation may encourage physical activity, but studies often overlook detailed exposure and objective activity measures.
  • This research investigates the immediate link between GPS-detected greenness and objectively measured physical activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the minute-level association between greenness exposure and physical activity using GPS and accelerometer data.
  • To explore how walkability influences physical activity in relation to environmental exposures.
  • To identify potential demographic variations in the relationship between environment and physical activity.

Main Methods:

  • Adult women participants (N=360) wore GPS devices and accelerometers for 7 days.
  • GPS data were integrated with satellite-based vegetation data and EPA Smart Location Database walkability metrics.
  • Minute-level generalized additive mixed models analyzed the associations between environmental exposures and physical activity.

Main Results:

  • Positive, nonlinear relationships were observed between physical activity and both greenness and walkability.
  • Exploratory analyses indicated stronger associations among white participants, those with higher incomes, and middle-aged individuals.
  • Objective measures confirmed that increased exposure to greenness and walkable environments correlates with higher physical activity.

Conclusions:

  • Higher physical activity is linked to environments with greater greenness and walkability.
  • Environmental planning and design strategies should prioritize these features to enhance physical activity opportunities.
  • These findings have implications for public health initiatives aimed at cancer prevention through lifestyle modification.