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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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Urinary bladder xanthomatous cystitis.

Shrenik J Shah1, Vineet Ajitsaria2, Vineet Singh2

  • 1Department of Urology, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad Rushabh Uro Hospital, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Indian Journal of Urology : IJU : Journal of the Urological Society of India
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Summary

Xanthoma cystitis is a rare bladder condition that can mimic malignant tumors. Histological examination confirmed this rare diagnosis in a patient presenting with abdominal pain and a suspicious intravesical mass.

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Area of Science:

  • Uropathology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Xanthoma cystitis is an uncommon inflammatory condition of the urinary bladder.
  • It can present as an intravesical mass, potentially mimicking malignancy.

Observation:

  • A 38-year-old female experienced abdominal pain.
  • Imaging studies suggested a malignant bladder mass with local infiltration.

Findings:

  • Surgical intervention involved a partial cystectomy.
  • Histological analysis of the resected mass definitively diagnosed xanthoma cystitis.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering rare diagnoses like xanthoma cystitis in the differential of intravesical masses.
  • Accurate histological diagnosis is crucial for appropriate patient management and avoiding unnecessary radical treatments.