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    Superposed Bessel beams (SBBs) enable precise 3D microfabrication. This study demonstrates their unique focusing properties for rapid, controlled creation of intricate microstructures.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Bessel beams are known for propagation invariance and self-reconstruction.
    • Controlling light's focal properties is crucial for advanced fabrication techniques.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To realize and characterize superposed Bessel beams (SBBs).
    • To investigate the focusing properties of SBBs using high numerical aperture objectives.
    • To demonstrate the application of SBBs in advanced microfabrication.

    Main Methods:

    • Generating SBBs by imprinting opposite-order Bessel beam holograms on a spatial light modulator.
    • Theoretical prediction and experimental verification of SBB propagation invariance and non-rotation.
    • Applying Debye vectorial diffraction theory to analyze SBB focusing.
    • Utilizing SBBs in a two-photon polymerization system for micropatterning.

    Main Results:

    • Experimental realization of SBBs with demonstrated propagation invariance and non-rotation.
    • Observation of a circularly distributed multiple foci pattern near the focal plane.
    • Successful single-exposure micropattern fabrication using SBB-generated foci.
    • Facile fabrication of 3D microstructures by dynamically controlling focal spot characteristics.

    Conclusions:

    • SBBs offer unique optical properties for precise light manipulation.
    • The multiple foci generated by SBBs are effective for advanced 3D microfabrication.
    • Dynamic control over focal patterns facilitates versatile microstructure design and fabrication.