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Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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SBAR II: Application of SBAR01:14

SBAR II: Application of SBAR

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SBAR is an effective communication tool used by healthcare professionals to communicate patient information accurately. SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation. For a better understanding, an example is given below.
SBAR Report from a Nurse to a Health Care Provider
S: "Hello, Dr. Smith. This is Jane, RN, from the Med Surg unit. I am calling to tell you about Ms. White in Room 210, who is experiencing increased pain and redness at her incision site. Her recent...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

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Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

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Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

A Mouse Model of Hemorrhagic Transformation Induced by Acute Hyperglycemia Combined with Transient Focal Ischemia
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A Mouse Model of Hemorrhagic Transformation Induced by Acute Hyperglycemia Combined with Transient Focal Ischemia

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[Hypoglycemic Hemiplegia].

Eriko Sugawara1, Yosuke Kudo, Ken Johkura

  • 1Department of Neurology, Yokohama Brain and Spine Center.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|February 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Hypoglycemia can cause acute hemiplegia, often mimicking stroke on MRI scans. Prompt blood glucose testing is crucial for diagnosing this reversible condition.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Hypoglycemia can manifest as acute hemiplegia, a neurological deficit.
  • Diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DW-MRI) frequently shows internal capsule hyperintensities, resembling acute ischemic stroke.
  • Hypoglycemic brain injury originates in white matter tracts and can affect gray matter.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of differentiating hypoglycemia from stroke in patients presenting with acute hemiplegia.
  • To discuss the characteristic DW-MRI findings in hypoglycemic hemiplegia.
  • To explore the pathophysiology of focal neurological deficits in a global metabolic disorder.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations and neuroimaging findings in patients with hypoglycemic hemiplegia.

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  • Comparison of imaging features with acute ischemic stroke.
  • Discussion of current understanding of hypoglycemic brain injury spread.

    • Main Results:

    • The most common DW-MRI finding in hypoglycemic hemiplegia is a hyperintense lesion in the internal capsule.
    • This pattern can be mistaken for acute ischemic stroke.
    • Hypoglycemic brain injury affects large white matter tracts initially, then spreads.

    Conclusions:

    • Immediate blood glucose measurement is essential for patients with acute hemiplegia to rule out hypoglycemia.
    • Recognizing DW-MRI patterns can aid in distinguishing hypoglycemic hemiplegia from stroke.
    • Further research is needed to understand the mechanism of focal deficits in diffuse metabolic brain injury.