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As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
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Dynamic shear jamming in dense granular suspensions under extension.

Sayantan Majumdar1, Ivo R Peters1,2, Endao Han1

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Summary
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Dense granular suspensions resist rapid stretching, unlike dry materials. A critical velocity triggers a jamming transition, causing stresses to dramatically increase due to a growing jammed region.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheology of complex fluids
  • Granular physics
  • Non-Newtonian fluid dynamics

Background:

  • Dense granular suspensions exhibit unique behaviors under stress.
  • Cornstarch-water mixtures resist extensional flows unexpectedly.
  • Standard fluid dynamics models fail to predict high-stress responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the mechanical response of dense granular suspensions to extensional flow.
  • Understand the underlying mechanisms of stress amplification.
  • Explore the role of jamming in suspension behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurement of normal forces during vertical plate withdrawal.
  • Utilizing fast ultrasound imaging to map internal velocity profiles.
  • Varying extension rates to identify critical thresholds.

Main Results:

  • A significant increase in resisting force was observed above a critical velocity threshold.
  • Ultrasound imaging revealed the formation and growth of a jammed region.
  • Strong velocity gradients were identified at the interface between the jammed region and container walls.

Conclusions:

  • Rapid extension of dense granular suspensions leads to a jamming transition.
  • The observed phenomenon is linked to shear-jamming mechanisms.
  • This provides insight into the complex rheology of granular materials.