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Necrosis

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Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
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Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
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The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Author Spotlight: Tracing the Ferroptotic Signatures and Cell Death Dynamics in Medulloblastoma for Advanced Therapeutics
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Lipid peroxidation in cell death.

Michael M Gaschler1, Brent R Stockwell2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 550 West 120th Street, Northwest Corner Building, MC 4846, New York, NY 10027, USA.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|February 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oxidative stress involves lipid peroxides, which damage cells and contribute to disease. This review explores their role, detection, and strategies to control their harmful accumulation.

Keywords:
AntioxidantFerroptosisLipid oxidationNeurodegenerationOxidationPeroxidation

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Redox homeostasis disruption is central to many diseases.
  • Lipid hydroperoxides are increasingly recognized as critical mediators of cell death and disease.
  • Lipids are essential for cellular membrane integrity, and their oxidation alters membrane properties and modifies proteins/nucleic acids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the synthesis, toxicity, degradation, and detection of lipid peroxides.
  • To highlight the role of lipid peroxidation in cell death and disease.
  • To discuss strategies for controlling lipid peroxide accumulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles on lipid peroxidation.
  • Synthesis of information on lipid peroxide biochemistry and pathology.
  • Analysis of current and emerging detection methods.
  • Exploration of therapeutic and preventative strategies.

Main Results:

  • Lipid peroxidation significantly impacts cellular structure and function.
  • Accumulation of lipid peroxides is linked to various pathological conditions and cell death.
  • Effective detection and control strategies are crucial for managing oxidative stress.

Conclusions:

  • Lipid peroxidation is a significant contributor to disease pathogenesis.
  • Understanding lipid peroxide metabolism is key to developing new therapeutic interventions.
  • Controlling lipid peroxide levels offers a promising avenue for disease management.