Polygenic risk scores in familial Alzheimer disease
Giuseppe Tosto1, Thomas D Bird1, Debby Tsuang1
1From the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (G.T., J.M., R.O., N.S., Y.S., R.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (G.T., J.M., N.S., Y.S., R.M.), and Department of Neurology (G.T., J.M., R.O., N.S., Y.S.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York; New York Presbyterian Hospital (G.T., J.M., R.O., N.S., Y.S.), NY; Departments of Neurology and Medicine (T.D.B., D.T.), University of Washington, Seattle; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (C.C.), Washington University, St Louis, MO; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (K.F., T.M.F.), Indiana University; Department of Neurology (M.F.), Indiana University Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Indianapolis; Department of Neuroscience (A.M.G., S.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; School of Medicine (M.M., R.M.), Mother and Teacher Pontifical Catholic University, Santiago, Dominican Republic; Department of Medicine (R.L.) and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (R.O., N.S.), Columbia University, New York; Division of Epidemiology (R.O.), New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.R.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Health Sciences Research (D.J.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Psychiatry, Neurology and Epidemiology (R.A.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.
Objective:
To investigate the association between a genetic risk score (GRS) and familial late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) and its predictive value in families multiply affected by the disease.
Methods:
Using data from the National Institute on Aging Genetics Initiative for Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease (National Institute on Aging-Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Family Study), mixed regression models tested the association of familial LOAD with a GRS based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with LOAD. We modeled associations using unweighted and weighted scores with estimates derived from the literature. In secondary models, we adjusted subsequent models for presence of the APOE ε4 allele and further tested the interaction between APOE ε4 and the GRS. We constructed a similar GRS in a cohort of Caribbean Hispanic families multiply affected by LOAD by selecting the SNP with the strongest p value within the same regions.
Results:
In the NIA-LOAD families, the GRS was significantly associated with LOAD (odds ratio [OR] 1.29; 95% confidence interval 1.21-1.37). The results did not change after adjusting for APOE ε4. In Caribbean Hispanic families, the GRS also significantly predicted LOAD (OR 1.73; 1.57-1.93). Higher scores were associated with lower age at onset in both cohorts.
Conclusions:
High GRS increases the risk of familial LOAD and lowers the age at onset, regardless of ethnic group.
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