Invasive Aspergillus Laryngotracheobronchitis in an Adult with Primary CNS Lymphoma

Invasive aspergillosis can be difficult to diagnose, and early recognition and initiation of therapy is imperative for improving patient outcomes. A case of invasive Aspergillus laryngotracheobronchitis is presented here with a review of the relevant literature. A 58-year-old male undergoing treatment for CNS lymphoma presented with neutropenic sepsis and acute respiratory distress requiring intubation. Following extubation, he reported persistent hoarseness for 1-month duration and he was found to have pseudomembranous plaques and ulcers of the larynx, trachea, and right mainstem bronchus consistent with Aspergillus laryngotracheobronchitis. Invasive Aspergillus laryngotracheobronchitis should be considered in immunocompromised patients presenting with persistent hoarseness.