[The role of polyphosphates in the blood coagulation process and the inflammation progress]

Polyphosphates (polyP) are commonly found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells linear, highly anionic polymers, composed of a few to many hundreds of orthophosphate residues, linked by high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds. These polymers are stored in dense granules of platelets and secreted after their activation. The recently studies indicate that polyP are a potent procoagulant agent accelerating blood coagulation by activating the contact pathway and by promoting FV and FXI activation by thrombin, which in turn abrogates the anticoagulant function of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). Furthermore polyP enhance fibrin clot structure, which increase its resistance to fibrinolysis. PolyP using different signaling pathways have pro-inflammatory effects by promoting bradykinin release, enhancing the pro-inflammatory activity of histones, and activating NF-κB.