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Gastrulation

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Live-cell Imaging and Quantitative Analysis of Embryonic Epithelial Cells in Xenopus laevis

Live-cell Imaging and Quantitative Analysis of Embryonic Epithelial Cells in Xenopus laevis

Published on: May 23, 2010

Quantitative methods to study epithelial morphogenesis and polarity.

B Aigouy¹, C Collinet¹, M Merkel²

¹IBDM (Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille) UMR 7288, Aix-Marseille Université & CNRS, Marseille, France.

Methods in Cell Biology

|February 21, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review details methods for quantitatively measuring cell polarity and tissue morphogenesis. Advances in imaging and analysis enable precise tracking of cellular dynamics and their contribution to tissue development.

Keywords:

Cells Epithelia Genetic mosaics Image processing Microscopy Morphogenesis Multiscale analysis Polarity Quantitative biology Tissue deformation

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Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Developmental Biology
Biophysics

Background:

Epithelial tissue morphogenesis arises from cellular behaviors like shape changes, rearrangements, and divisions.
Polarized molecular distribution directs these cellular events, controlling tissue development.
Recent advances in genetics, microscopy, and image analysis allow precise measurement of cell dynamics and polarity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current approaches for visualizing and quantifying cell polarity and tissue morphogenesis.
To describe tools and theoretical concepts for multi-scale quantitative analysis.
To guide researchers in selecting appropriate methods for studying tissue development.

Main Methods:

Utilizing cell and polarity reporters, including mosaics, to reveal hidden polarities and morphogenetic events.
Comparing microscopy techniques and image projection algorithms for application-specific advantages and disadvantages.
Extracting cell outlines to measure cell polarity and detect underlying cellular events.
Quantifying the contribution of individual cellular events to global tissue deformation.

Main Results:

A comprehensive overview of methods for visualizing and measuring cell polarity and tissue morphogenesis.
Detailed description of tools and theoretical concepts for quantitative multi-scale analysis.
Guidance on selecting appropriate reporters, microscopy, and image analysis techniques.

Conclusions:

Quantitative study of cell polarity and tissue morphogenesis is advanced by integrated approaches.
Precise measurement of cellular dynamics and their contribution to tissue deformation is now feasible.
This review provides a framework for researchers to quantitatively investigate tissue development.