Triphenyltin hydroxide induces changes in the oxidative stress parameters of fish

Among all organotin compounds , triphenyltin hydroxide (TPhTH) is widely used as fungicide and moluscicide in Brazil. However, the effects of TPhTH on the biochemical parameters of non-target organisms, such as fish, are little known. The aim of the present study is to assess the possible toxic effects of different concentrations of waterborne TPhTH on silver catfish belonging to species Rhamdia quelen. The fish were exposed to two different concentrations of TPhTH (1.08 and 1.70 µg/L as Sn) for 15 days and then compared to the control group (triplicate, n = 3). The antioxidant profile (catalase (CAT) and the glutathione S-transferase (GST)) and the oxidative stress parameters (TBARS-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and protein carbonyl (PC)) were set after the exposure to TPhTH. The TBARS level and the PC content increased in several organs of the Rhamdia quelen (brain, liver, muscle and gills) under the two concentrations of TPhTH in comparison to the control group. The CAT activity in the liver and gills has enhanced in all tested TPhTH concentrations. The GST activity increased in the brain, liver and muscle tissues under all the TPhTH concentrations. The significant changes in the biomarkers indicated that the investigated pesticide could have harmful effect on fish, in the field. However, these biomarkers were measured after the fish received doses lower than the recommended for use in agriculture.