Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

25.3K
Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
25.3K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

52.4K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
52.4K
Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

26.8K
For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
26.8K
Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms03:26

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

65.9K
The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
65.9K
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

26.9K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
26.9K
Basicity of Aliphatic Amines01:21

Basicity of Aliphatic Amines

7.0K
Amines can behave as Brønsted–Lowry bases by accepting a proton from the acid to form corresponding conjugate acids. Due to a lone pair of nonbonding electrons, aliphatic amines can also act as Lewis bases by forming a covalent bond with an electrophile.
To measure the basicity of amines, two conventions are generally used. The first defines Kb as the basicity constant for the deprotonation reaction of water by the amine, as presented in Figure 1. Conventionally, lower Kb indicates higher...
7.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Associations between body composition and radiotherapy-related side-effects and health-related quality of life in patients with prostate or lung cancer: sub-analysis of the REQUITE trial.

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology·2026
Same author

Evolutionary characterization of lung cancer metastasis.

Nature·2026
Same author

F K-edge XAS as a tool to examine F environments in complex inorganic systems.

Journal of synchrotron radiation·2026
Same author

Spectroscopic Characterization of Tetravalent Berkelium.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Solvation and Cation Competition in Mixed Hydroxide Brines.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same author

Defect chemistry manipulation by heavy ion irradiation in Y-doped CeO<sub>2</sub> solid solutions.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

A<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>(PS<sub>4</sub>)(P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>7</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (A = K, Rb, Cs) Synthesized by the Metal Oxide-Boron-Chalcogen Routine: A Series of Zirconium-Based Thiophosphate Nonlinear Optical Crystals Featuring PS<sub>4</sub> Tetrahedron and P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>7</sub> Dimer.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

A Vapor-Liquid Interface Reaction Leading to the Isolation of an "Oxo-Rich" {Mo<sub>36</sub>} Polyoxometalate Compound for Proton Conductivity Studies.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Spatial Arrangement of Porphyrin-Eu(III) Ions on Apatite Nanoparticles.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Controlling Spin States in Metallosupramolecular Iron(II) Grid Architectures through Light, Temperature, and Protonation.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Overall Water-Splitting Enabled by Bifunctional NiPd/Pd Heterodimer Fabricated via In Situ Etching-Growth Route.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Luminescent Ir<sup>III</sup>-Au<sup>I</sup> Heterobimetallic Complex with a Carbene Bridging Ligand.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique
12:02

Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique

Published on: November 3, 2017

13.8K

Chemical Trends in Solid Alkali Pertechnetates.

Jamie Weaver1,2, Chuck Z Soderquist2, Nancy M Washton2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States.

Inorganic Chemistry
|February 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized pure alkali pertechnetates (sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium) to understand technetium-99 (99Tc) solid-state chemistry for nuclear waste disposal. This study provides crucial data on 99Tc incorporation and release from waste glasses.

More Related Videos

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Published on: December 29, 2016

11.2K
Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
08:43

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Published on: October 27, 2018

18.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique
12:02

Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique

Published on: November 3, 2017

13.8K
Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Published on: December 29, 2016

11.2K
Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
08:43

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Published on: October 27, 2018

18.9K

Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Nuclear waste management
  • Radiochemistry

Background:

  • Understanding technetium-99 (99Tc) solid-state chemistry is vital for nuclear waste immobilization and disposal.
  • Limited research exists due to 99Tc's radiotoxicity and handling requirements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize pure alkali pertechnetates (Na, K, Rb, Cs).
  • To provide spectral signatures and structural data for 99Tc in waste glasses.
  • To refine understanding of 99Tc incorporation and release mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of alkali pertechnetates.
  • Analysis using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES, EXAFS), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and neutron diffraction.

Main Results:

  • Characterization of sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium pertechnetates.
  • Observed distortions in NaTcO4 due to sodium's electronegativity.
  • Identified weak interactions and near-perfect tetrahedral symmetry in RbTcO4 and CsTcO4.
  • Noted trends in cell volume and quadrupolar coupling constants.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides essential structural and spectral data for technetium-99 oxides.
  • Findings will aid in developing better nuclear waste glass formulations.
  • Insights into 99Tc behavior in solid matrices are crucial for safe disposal.