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Two Methods for Decellularization of Plant Tissues for Tissue Engineering Applications
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Crossing kingdoms: Using decellularized plants as perfusable tissue engineering scaffolds.

Joshua R Gershlak1, Sarah Hernandez2, Gianluca Fontana3

  • 1Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States.

Biomaterials
|February 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Decellularized plant tissue serves as a novel scaffold for tissue engineering, enabling nutrient delivery in complex human tissues. This "green" technology offers a cost-effective approach for regenerating vascularized tissue mass.

Keywords:
DecellularizationPerfusable scaffoldPlantsRegenerative medicineTissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Plant Biology

Background:

  • Nutrient delivery remains a significant challenge in complex engineered human tissues.
  • Bioengineered scaffolds require efficient vascularization for successful tissue regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop decellularized plant tissue as a prevascularized scaffold for tissue engineering applications.
  • To assess the potential of plant-derived scaffolds for supporting human cell colonization and function.

Main Methods:

  • Perfusion-based decellularization of various plant species to create scaffolds with diverse geometries.
  • Recellularization of plant scaffolds with human endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
  • Assessment of scaffold patency, cell adhesion, and cardiomyocyte function (contractility, calcium handling).

Main Results:

  • Decellularized plant scaffolds maintained patent vasculature capable of microparticle transport.
  • Human endothelial cells successfully colonized the plant vasculature.
  • Human mesenchymal stem cells and cardiomyocytes adhered to the scaffold's outer surfaces.
  • Cardiomyocytes exhibited contractile function and calcium handling for 21 days.

Conclusions:

  • Decellularized plant tissue is a viable, cost-efficient, and "green" scaffold for tissue engineering.
  • This approach facilitates the regeneration of large-volume vascularized tissue.
  • Plant-derived scaffolds offer a promising alternative to traditional synthetic or animal-derived materials.