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Preventive Healthcare Services

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Cancer Prevention02:59

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Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
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Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection
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Personalized medicine for prevention: can risk stratified screening decrease colorectal cancer mortality at an

Sujha Subramanian1,2, Georgiy Bobashev3, Robert J Morris3

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Cancer Causes & Control : CCC
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Summary
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Risk stratified colorectal cancer screening reduces harms like false positives and perforations. This personalized approach offers a more effective and safer screening strategy compared to current methods.

Keywords:
Colorectal cancerCost-effectivenessPrecision medicinePreventionRisk stratification

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Health Services Research
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Tailored health care interventions are poised to revolutionize clinical practice.
  • Colorectal cancer screening is a critical component of cancer prevention and early detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an innovative model for assessing the effectiveness, cost, and harms of risk-stratified colorectal cancer screening.
  • To evaluate personalized screening strategies based on individual risk.

Main Methods:

  • Updated a validated microsimulation model with risk assessment, natural history, and screening/treatment modules.
  • Created a synthetic US population mimicking real-world family history and genetic profiles.
  • Applied risk stratification into five categories: high, increased, medium, decreased, and low.

Main Results:

  • Risk-stratified screening demonstrated lower harms, with over 47.0% reduction in false positives and at least 9.9% reduction in perforations.
  • Incremental costs per life year gained were $18,342 (60% compliance) and $23,961 (80% compliance).
  • Harms were consistently reduced across all compliance rates, with stable reductions despite uncertainty in life years gained.

Conclusions:

  • Risk-stratified screening effectively reduces harms at all compliance levels.
  • Comprehensive comparisons of mortality, screening harms, and costs are essential for selecting screening scenarios.
  • Further research is needed to optimize real-world implementation of risk-stratified colorectal cancer screening.