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Related Concept Videos

Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
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Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

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MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
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Cells of the Epidermis01:24

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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Preparation of Single-cell Suspensions for Cytofluorimetric Analysis from Different Mouse Skin Regions
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Antigen-Presenting Cells in the Skin.

Sakeen W Kashem1, Muzlifah Haniffa2,3, Daniel H Kaplan4,5

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.

Annual Review of Immunology
|February 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Skin antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are diverse and dynamic immune cells. This review details their specialized subsets and roles in skin immunity, inflammation, and disease.

Keywords:
Langerhans cellsantigen-presenting cellscutaneous immunologydendritic cellsmacrophagesskin

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the skin, including dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages, are crucial for immune responses.
  • These cells are highly dynamic, capable of migrating from circulation into the skin, patrolling tissues, and moving to lymph nodes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the taxonomy and functional specialization of skin APC subsets in mice and humans.
  • To examine the collaborative roles of these APC subsets with other immune cells in regulating cutaneous immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on skin APCs.
  • Analysis of studies detailing APC subset classification and function in mouse and human skin.

Main Results:

  • Skin APCs possess sophisticated machinery for antigen sensing, processing, and presentation.
  • Recent studies have refined the classification of heterogeneous skin APC subsets.
  • Functionally specialized APC subsets collaborate to initiate, modulate, and resolve inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • A more accurate taxonomy of skin APC subsets has emerged, highlighting their heterogeneity.
  • Understanding APC subset-specific functions and interactions is key to comprehending skin immunity, inflammation, and disease pathogenesis.