Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Lipid Catabolism01:25

Lipid Catabolism

1.2K
Triglycerides serve as crucial long-term energy storage molecules in microorganisms, providing a dense source of metabolic energy. Their breakdown is mediated by lipases, which hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. Each of these components follows distinct metabolic pathways, ultimately contributing to ATP synthesis and cellular energy homeostasis.Glycerol MetabolismGlycerol, released from triglyceride hydrolysis, is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to form...
1.2K
Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism01:28

Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism

37.5K
Lipids also are sources of energy that power cellular processes. Like carbohydrates, lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these atoms are arranged differently. Most lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
Fatty acids are catabolized in a process called beta-oxidation, which takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and converts their fatty acid chains into two-carbon units of acetyl groups. The acetyl...
37.5K
Biosynthesis in Bacteria01:24

Biosynthesis in Bacteria

858
Biosynthesis in bacteria is a fundamental anabolic process that generates essential macromolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides. These macromolecules are critical for cellular growth, replication, and function. The process is tightly regulated and energetically linked to catabolic pathways to ensure optimal resource utilization.Biosynthetic pathways begin with precursor metabolites such as pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, and glucose-6-phosphate derived from glycolysis,...
858
Other Glycolytic Pathways01:24

Other Glycolytic Pathways

1.1K
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
1.1K
Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

785
Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
785
Lipids as Anchors01:32

Lipids as Anchors

7.8K
In the plasma membrane, the lipids forming the bilayer can also act as an anchor to tether proteins to the membrane. The three main types of lipid anchors found in eukaryotes are – prenyl groups, fatty acyl groups, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol or GPI groups. Prenyl and fatty acyl groups act as anchors on the cytosolic surface of the membrane, whereas GPI anchors proteins on the extracellular side.
The carboxy-terminal of most of the prenylated proteins, such as Ras proteins, contains...
7.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

Adaptively evolved chitin overproduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Metabolic engineering·2026
Same author

Common xenobiotics modulate gut microbial responses to low‑calorie sweeteners in vitro.

Molecular systems biology·2026
Same author

Diet and microbiome shape small-molecule cytokinin pools in mammals.

Gut microbes·2026
Same author

Adaptive evolution of engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae in favored and unusual chemical environments.

Metabolic engineering·2026
Same author

Influence of Ploidy and Genetic Background on Stress Tolerance of Intraspecific Yeast Hybrids.

Microbial biotechnology·2026
Same author

PHA synthase variant design using a conditional variational autoencoder.

PLoS computational biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Immobilization of Multi-biocatalysts in Alginate Beads for Cofactor Regeneration and Improved Reusability
09:27

Immobilization of Multi-biocatalysts in Alginate Beads for Cofactor Regeneration and Improved Reusability

Published on: April 22, 2016

18.2K

Metabolic anchor reactions for robust biorefining.

Paula Jouhten1, Jaime Huerta-Cepas1, Peer Bork2

  • 1European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.

Metabolic Engineering
|February 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified universal anchor reactions that couple microbial cell growth and production, crucial for sustainable bio-economies. These reactions, like C-C cleaving enzymes, enable robust performance in microbial cell factories.

Keywords:
Cell factoryGrowth-product coupling

More Related Videos

A Toolkit to Enable Hydrocarbon Conversion in Aqueous Environments
20:28

A Toolkit to Enable Hydrocarbon Conversion in Aqueous Environments

Published on: October 2, 2012

14.7K
Author Spotlight: Optimizing Hollow-Fiber Membranes for Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids
06:45

Author Spotlight: Optimizing Hollow-Fiber Membranes for Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids

Published on: August 9, 2024

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Immobilization of Multi-biocatalysts in Alginate Beads for Cofactor Regeneration and Improved Reusability
09:27

Immobilization of Multi-biocatalysts in Alginate Beads for Cofactor Regeneration and Improved Reusability

Published on: April 22, 2016

18.2K
A Toolkit to Enable Hydrocarbon Conversion in Aqueous Environments
20:28

A Toolkit to Enable Hydrocarbon Conversion in Aqueous Environments

Published on: October 2, 2012

14.7K
Author Spotlight: Optimizing Hollow-Fiber Membranes for Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids
06:45

Author Spotlight: Optimizing Hollow-Fiber Membranes for Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids

Published on: August 9, 2024

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Metabolic Engineering
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Microbial cell factories are vital for sustainable bio-economies, utilizing renewable resources.
  • Balancing cell growth and product formation is essential for economic feasibility but often leads to instability.
  • Existing strategies for metabolic network reduction lack a clear biochemical basis for growth-product coupling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify universal biochemical reactions that couple cell growth and product formation.
  • To resolve the biochemical basis of growth-product coupling in microbial systems.
  • To provide targets for improving microbial cell factory performance.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the cellular biochemical repertoire to identify key reactions.
  • Definition of anchor reactions based on substrate splitting into multiple molecules.
  • Systematic search of biochemical reaction databases for C-C cleaving anchor reactions.

Main Results:

  • Identified key reactions as universal anchor reactions for aligning growth and production.
  • Established that anchor reactions must split a substrate into two or more molecules.
  • Discovered 62 C-C cleaving anchor reactions, including isocitrate lyase and L-tryptophan indole-lyase, relevant for biorefining.

Conclusions:

  • Anchor reactions represent critical network nodes for metabolic engineering.
  • These findings enable the design of novel pathways for growth-coupled production.
  • The identified reactions provide a foundation for enhancing microbial cell factory efficiency and stability.