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Related Concept Videos

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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There are three methods by which heat transfer can take place: conduction, convection, and radiation. Each method has unique and interesting characteristics, but all three have two things in common: they transfer heat solely because of a temperature difference; and the greater the temperature difference, the faster the heat transfer.
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Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
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Ultrafast radiative heat transfer.

Renwen Yu1, Alejandro Manjavacas2, F Javier García de Abajo3,4

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Researchers discovered ultrafast radiative cooling in graphene nanostructures. This noncontact heat transfer occurs on femtosecond timescales, significantly faster than conventional methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Optical heating in conductive materials conventionally involves electron heating, phonon relaxation (picoseconds), and slower thermal diffusion.
  • Radiative cooling is typically a slow process, relevant only in vacuum or under extreme thermal isolation.
  • Existing models do not account for rapid, noncontact heat transfer between nanostructures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and reveal an ultrafast radiative cooling regime in plasmon-supporting graphene nanostructures.
  • To quantify the efficiency and timescale of noncontact heat transfer between adjacent graphene nanostructures.
  • To explore the potential of this phenomenon for novel heat management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical prediction and simulation of heat transfer dynamics in graphene nanostructures.
  • Modeling of electron-phonon interactions and radiative energy exchange.
  • Analysis of the role of plasmonic fields and electronic heat capacity.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of an ultrafast radiative cooling regime in neighboring graphene nanostructures.
  • Prediction that over 50% of electronic heat can transfer between nanostructures within a femtosecond timescale.
  • Identification of low electronic heat capacity and high plasmonic field concentration in doped graphene as key facilitators.

Conclusions:

  • An unexplored ultrafast radiative cooling mechanism exists between plasmonic graphene nanostructures.
  • This noncontact heat transfer significantly precedes electron relaxation, challenging conventional understanding.
  • The findings suggest potential for efficient thermal management in van der Waals materials.