Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...

Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists

Antiasthma Drugs: β₂-Adrenoceptor Agonists

Bronchodilators are critical in managing asthma, a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway constriction due to inflammation and hyper-reactivity. Specifically, bronchodilators ease this constriction by relaxing the bronchial muscles, facilitating easier breathing.
One class of bronchodilators includes β2-adrenoceptor agonists. These agents target the β2-adrenoceptors located on bronchial smooth muscle cells. By stimulating these receptors, β2-agonists induce...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A cross-sectional study of oxidative stress pathway genotypes and their interactions with environmental pollutant levels identifies associations with gene expression and lung function.

EBioMedicine·2026

Same author

Clinical phenotyping improves choices of biologics in asthma - Authors' reply.

Lancet (London, England)·2026

Same author

PrecISE-a biomarker-stratified adaptive trial of 5 interventions in severe asthma: Final protocol and the baseline cohort.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology·2026

Same author

Epigenomic study of the lower airway reveals COPD-associated methylation patterns and potential microbiota links.

BMJ open respiratory research·2025

Same author

Amiodarone-Induced Pulmonary Toxicity With Severe Pulmonary Fibrosis Complicated by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Pneumonia: A Fatal Case Report and Literature Review.

Cureus·2025

Same author

Anti-cytokine biologics for asthma in adults.

Lancet (London, England)·2025

Same journal

Harnessing Machine Learning and Electronic Health Record Data to Improve Asthma Management.

Current allergy and asthma reports·2026

Same journal

Incorporating New Guidelines into School-Based Asthma Management.

Current allergy and asthma reports·2026

Same journal

The Modern Environment and Childhood Asthma: The Role of Air Pollution and Heavy Metal Exposure.

Current allergy and asthma reports·2026

Same journal

Targeting Type 2 and Non-type 2 Asthma: Emerging Biologics and Personalized Strategies.

Current allergy and asthma reports·2026

Same journal

The Role of the Indoor Exposome in Food Allergy Development.

Current allergy and asthma reports·2026

Same journal

Understanding Infantile Atopic Dermatitis: A Review of Environmental, Familial, Genetic and Microbial Influences.

Current allergy and asthma reports·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

Published on: April 6, 2017

Phenotype-Driven Therapeutics in Severe Asthma.

Maria Theresa D Opina¹, Wendy C Moore²

¹Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports

|February 25, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Severe asthma treatment is complex due to patient heterogeneity. This review explores severe asthma phenotypes and novel treatments to personalize care for better symptom control and fewer exacerbations.

Keywords:

Asthma exacerbations Biologics Biomarkers Personalized medicine Phenotypes Severe asthma

More Related Videos

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Published on: November 4, 2010

Phenotyping Mouse Pulmonary Function In Vivo with the Lung Diffusing Capacity

Phenotyping Mouse Pulmonary Function In Vivo with the Lung Diffusing Capacity

Published on: January 6, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

Published on: April 6, 2017

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Published on: November 4, 2010

Phenotyping Mouse Pulmonary Function In Vivo with the Lung Diffusing Capacity

Phenotyping Mouse Pulmonary Function In Vivo with the Lung Diffusing Capacity

Published on: January 6, 2015

Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Allergy and Immunology
Clinical Medicine

Background:

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting β-agonists (LABA) are standard severe asthma treatments.
Some patients remain refractory to high-dose ICS/LABA therapy.
Severe asthma exhibits significant heterogeneity, with distinct phenotypes influencing treatment response.

Purpose of the Study:

To review severe asthma phenotypes identified through unbiased clustering.
To discuss recent evidence on novel targeted therapies for severe asthma.
To guide personalized treatment strategies for severe asthma.

Main Methods:

Literature review of severe asthma phenotypes.
Analysis of recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on add-on therapies.
Discussion of unbiased clustering approaches for phenotype identification.

Main Results:

Severe asthma is heterogeneous with identifiable phenotypes.
Personalized treatment approaches targeting specific phenotypes show promise.
Novel add-on therapies are emerging for refractory severe asthma.

Conclusions:

A "one size fits all" approach is inadequate for severe asthma.
Understanding severe asthma phenotypes is crucial for effective treatment.
Personalizing therapy based on phenotype and emerging treatments improves outcomes.