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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNA In situ Hybridization for Formalin Fixed Kidney Tissues
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MicroRNAs in Lung Development and Disease.

Dustin Ameis1, Naghmeh Khoshgoo1, Barbara M Iwasiow1

  • 1Departments of Surgery, Pediatrics and Child Health and Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, and The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
|February 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small molecules regulating gene expression. This review explores their crucial roles in pediatric respiratory conditions like asthma and cystic fibrosis.

Keywords:
MicroRNAsasthmabronchopulmonary dysplasiacystic fibrosisgene expressionlung development

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Pediatric Pulmonology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • Their function involves inhibiting messenger RNA (mRNA) targets.
  • Understanding miRNA roles in lung development and disease is an emerging research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of miRNA involvement in pediatric respiratory diseases.
  • To highlight the significance of miRNAs in conditions such as cystic fibrosis, asthma, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications.
  • Synthesis of research findings on miRNA functions in pediatric lung diseases.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs play significant regulatory roles in lung development.
  • Dysregulation of specific miRNAs is implicated in the pathogenesis of pediatric respiratory diseases.
  • Evidence suggests miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are critical regulators in pediatric respiratory health and disease.
  • Further research into miRNA mechanisms is essential for developing novel treatments for conditions like cystic fibrosis, asthma, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.