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Aqueous Angiography in Living Nonhuman Primates Shows Segmental, Pulsatile, and Dynamic Angiographic Aqueous Humor

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Primate Research
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Aqueous humor outflow is crucial for maintaining intraocular pressure.
  • Understanding outflow pathways is vital for glaucoma management.
  • Current methods for studying outflow in vivo have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of performing aqueous angiography in living nonhuman primates (NHPs).
  • To evaluate aqueous humor outflow and segmental patterns using this technique.
  • To explore the potential of aqueous angiography for glaucoma research.

Main Methods:

  • Aqueous angiography was conducted on six NHPs using indocyanine green or fluorescein.
  • An anterior chamber maintainer and a gravity-driven system were employed.
  • Spectralis HRA+OCT and anterior segment OCT provided multimodal imaging.

Main Results:

  • Aqueous angiography in NHPs showed mostly stable, yet sometimes dynamic, segmental and pulsatile outflow patterns.
  • Angiographic signals correlated with episcleral veins and intrascleral lumens.
  • Sequential angiography with different tracers yielded similar patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Aqueous angiography is feasible in living NHPs, revealing dynamic outflow characteristics.
  • This method advances the understanding of aqueous humor dynamics.
  • Findings may inform the development of improved glaucoma surgeries.