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Early neonatal death: A challenge worldwide.

Liisa Lehtonen1, Ana Gimeno2, Anna Parra-Llorca3

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|February 28, 2017
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Summary

Early neonatal death (ENND), the death of newborns within seven days of birth, remains a global challenge. Cost-effective interventions and improved healthcare access can significantly reduce preventable newborn deaths worldwide.

Keywords:
Early deathMorbidityMortalityNewborn

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Health
  • Global Public Health
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Early neonatal death (ENND) accounts for 73% of postnatal deaths globally.
  • ENND reduction has lagged behind other child mortality goals, increasing its contribution to under-five mortality.
  • Causes of ENND vary by industrialization level, with prematurity and congenital anomalies in high-income countries, and perinatal events like asphyxia and infections in low-income regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the global burden and causes of early neonatal death (ENND).
  • To identify effective interventions for reducing ENND in both high-income and low-income countries.
  • To highlight the potential for future reductions in ENND through targeted initiatives.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research evidence on ENND etiology and outcomes.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to ENND across different global economic settings.
  • Identification of successful and cost-effective interventions for prevention and management.

Main Results:

  • Prematurity, congenital anomalies, asphyxia, and infections are primary drivers of ENND.
  • Sudden unexpected early neonatal deaths (SUEND) are emerging as a significant cause.
  • High-income countries can improve survival through advanced perinatal care and surveillance; low-income countries benefit from basic, cost-effective interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted antenatal, perinatal, and neonatal care strategies are crucial for reducing ENND.
  • Implementing accessible interventions like vaccination, hygienic delivery, and resuscitation training can prevent many newborn deaths in low-resource settings.
  • Continued focus on neonatal health initiatives holds promise for further reducing ENND and improving infant survival globally.