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Interaction intensity and pollinator-mediated selection.

Judith Trunschke1, Nina Sletvold1, Jon Ågren1

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Pollen limitation in animal-pollinated plants drives selection intensity. Species with greater pollen limitation exhibit higher pollinator-mediated selection and opportunities for selection on floral traits.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Plant Sciences

Background:

  • In animal-pollinated plants, increased pollen limitation is theorized to enhance selection opportunities and pollinator-mediated selection.
  • Understanding how varying pollen limitation influences selection across species remains a key research gap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify pollen limitation, fitness variation, and pollinator-mediated selection in 12 natural orchid populations.
  • To investigate the relationship between pollen limitation and selection on floral traits related to pollination.

Main Methods:

  • Measured pollen limitation, variance in relative fitness, and pollinator-mediated selection on five floral traits (flowering start, plant height, flower number, flower size, spur length).
  • Calculated pollinator-mediated selection by comparing selection gradients between open-pollinated and hand-pollinated plants.
  • Assessed selection on floral traits under natural and supplemental pollination conditions.

Main Results:

  • Pollen limitation varied significantly among orchid species (0 to 0.96).
  • Opportunity for selection, pollinator-mediated selection, and net selection were positively correlated with pollen limitation.
  • Supplemental hand-pollination reduced both the opportunity for selection and selection on floral traits.

Conclusions:

  • The intensity of biotic interactions, specifically pollen limitation, significantly shapes the selection regime in plants.
  • Strongly pollen-limited species show a higher potential for pollinator-mediated selection and evolutionary divergence in floral traits.