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Gouy phase shift for annular beam profiles in attosecond experiments.

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    Attosecond pump-probe experiments often use annular infrared beams, altering their propagation. This study quantifies the Gouy phase shift in these beams, crucial for accurate measurements comparing spatially separated targets.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ultrafast science
    • Attosecond spectroscopy
    • Nonlinear optics

    Background:

    • Attosecond pump-probe spectroscopy relies on combining attosecond pulses with femtosecond infrared (IR) pulses.
    • Low flux of attosecond sources and XUV absorption necessitate specific optical configurations.
    • Geometric recombination using center-hole mirrors creates annular IR beams, deviating from ideal Gaussian propagation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally investigate the Gouy phase of an annular IR beam.
    • To understand the impact of annular beam profiles on attosecond pump-probe measurements.
    • To provide essential data for experiments involving spatially separated targets.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a two-foci attosecond beamline.
    • Employed the RABBITT (reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions) technique.
    • Experimentally studied the Gouy phase shift of a truncated IR beam across the focus.

    Main Results:

    • Observed a significant Gouy phase shift of up to 2π for the annular IR beam.
    • Measured a corresponding time delay change rate of 50 attoseconds per millimeter across the focus.
    • Demonstrated the non-ideal propagation characteristics of annular beams.

    Conclusions:

    • The Gouy phase shift of annular IR beams is substantial and must be accounted for.
    • Accurate characterization of beam propagation is critical for precise attosecond pump-probe measurements.
    • Findings are vital for advancing experiments comparing spatially separated targets in ultrafast science.